In most modern manufacturing systems, products are often the output of some multistage processes. In these processes, the stages are dependent on each other, where the output quality of each stage depends also on the output quality of the previous stages. This PROPERTY is called the CASCADE PROPERTY. Although there are many studies in multistage process monitoring, there are fewer works on profile monitoring in multistage processes, especially on the variability monitoring of a multistage profile in Phase-I for which no research is found in the literature. In this paper, a new methodology is proposed to monitor the standard deviation involved in a simple linear profile designed in Phase I to monitor multistage processes with the CASCADE PROPERTY. To this aim, an autoregressive correlation model between the stages is considered first.Then, the effect of the CASCADE PROPERTY on the performances of three types ofT2 control charts in Phase I with shifts in standard deviation is investigated. As we show that this effect is significant, aU statistic is next used to remove the CASCADE effect, based on which the investigated control charts are modified. Simulation studies reveal good performances of the modified control charts.

In recent years, the costs of Information Technology (IT) practices have been increasing quickly on the wake of technological complexity and more market-oriented strategies which make the value chains of the corporations more complicate. Most of these costs do not associate with the products, but to the customers of market segments and distribution channels. This paper presents that the firms are going to pursuit to realize the sale price of their products and services. That is why the procedures of market-driven cost and customer-driven management have found popularity. This research is one the applied researches and the aim is to explain costing approach based on activity as a process and accounting tool of the strategic management as well. For this reason, a new model of costing is introduced as CASCADE Costing, by which the customer orientation is added to cost management processes based on activity – driven costing approach. In this paper, we will arrange a case study on IT department of one of the United Arabic Emirates (UAE) banks which uses developed model of activity-based costing. We also will explain how activity-based costing method promotes to a process that compares the performances of different customers; in other words, we describe Customer – Driven Activity-Based Costing. Finally, as a consequence, in order to compute profit more precisely, it is better to use developed approaches of activity-based costing than traditional alternatives. To do so with greater ease, we can consider using of CASCADE costing approach as well.

The previous part of this essay discussed the decree for possessing a found PROPERTY. Here in this part, the author reviews three topics: giving charity, safekeeping a PROPERTY, and handing over a found PROPERTY to the legal ruler. To elaborate each topic, he discusses evidences mentioned in Quran and Tradition and examines their authenticity in comparison to the ones of derelict PROPERTY. At the end, the decrees of a derelict PROPERTY and the fact of handing it over to the legal ruler are discussed.

The essay focuses on taking possession of the "Found PROPERTY". The author first presents four types of narrations that indicate taking possession of the Found PROPERTY, and then discusses their possible interpretations. He, then, mentions three ways to solve the paradoxes that lie in those narrations, and reviews the cases in which one can or should give the Found PROPERTY as charity. He believes the Found Animal and the Found PROPERTY in Masjid -Al- Haram are exceptions and one cannot take possession of them. Finally, he finds the relation between narrations which suggest taking possession of the Found PROPERTY or giving it as charity and those which highlight that some Found Properties cannot be possessed.

The manufacturing operations often involve multistage processes where the process capability of each stage is affected by the process capability of its precedent processes. This PROPERTY is known as the CASCADE PROPERTY. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the process capability of the second stage of two-stage process while the CASCADE PROPERTY impact is removed using residuals analysis. To this end, a method is proposed to determine the specification limits of the residuals based on the specification limits of the quality characteristics in the first and second stages. The Cp, Cpk and Spk indices are used to calculate the capability of the second stage in the two-stage process. The results of simulation study show the satisfactory performance of the proposed method in estimating the pure process capability of the second stage.

If the quality of a process is described using a linear functional relationship betweenthe response variable and independent variables, such a relationship is called the profile. Today, with the development of manufacturing technologies, multistage processes have found a special position in manufacturing companies and industriesIn the present paper, we consider a multistage process with AR(1) auto-correlatedsimple linear profile in each stage and address the effect of both auto-correlationand CASCADE PROPERTY on the efficiency of common monitoring procedures. Toeliminate the effect of auto-correlation, we used a transformation method as a remedial measure at first. Then, an approach based on the U statistic is applied toeliminate the CASCADE effect. Next, a modified T 2 control chart is proposed to monitor the process in the second stage. The performance of the proposed controchart is evaluated in terms of the average run length criterion. The simulationstudies show that the proposed control chart perform satisfactorily.

A simple semi-phenomenological model, which accurately predicts the dependence of threshold current for temperature of Resonant-phonon three well quantum CASCADE laser based on vertical transitions is offered. We found that, the longitude optical phonon scattering of thermally excited electrons is the most important limiting factor for thermal performance of high frequency THz QCLs. In low frequency region, parasitic current increases the threshold current. Based on our model the use of materials with higher longitude optical phonon energy such as InGaAs/GaAsSb and decreasing the lower laser level lifetime can increase the maximum performance temperature. Our observations may can be used to understand the notion of the effects of thermal electrons on reduction of laser performance.

The unstable flow with rotating-stall-like (RS) effects in a rotor-CASCADE of an axial compressor was numerically investigated. The RS was captured with the reduction in mass flow rate and increasing of exit static pressure with respect to design operating condition of the single rotor. The oscillatory velocity traces during the stall propagation showed that the RS vortices repeat periodically, and the mass flow rate was highly affected by the blockage areas made by stall vortices. The results also showed that large scale vortices highly affects on the generation and growth of the new vortices. An unsteady two-dimensional finite-volume solver was employed for the numerical study which was developed based on Van Leer’s flux splitting algorithm in conjunction with TVD limiters and the κ-ε turbulence model was also employed. The good agreement of the computed mass flow rate with the experimental results validates the numerical study.